Power & Critical Power

Mathematical and physiological reference for the two parameters of the Critical Power model: CP, a power-output asymptote interpretable as the highest sustainable metabolic steady state, and W prime, a finite work reserve expressible above CP with first-order reconstitution kinetics below it.

Mathematical and practical reference for the three principal threshold-power constructs in cycling: Functional Threshold Power (a protocol-derived single-effort estimate), Critical Power (an asymptotic parameter of the two-parameter Monod model), and modeled FTP (a regression-derived estimate from mean-maximal-power history). The three estimate the same underlying physiology, the maximum sustainable steady-state aerobic power, but reach it via different practical paths and produce systematically different numbers in typical athlete profiles.

Mathematical reference for the power-duration relationship: the two- and three-parameter Critical Power models, W prime expenditure and reconstitution kinetics, intensity-domain boundaries, parameter-estimation protocols, and model limitations.

How the power profile, the curve of an athlete's best mean power from a few seconds to several hours, encodes a rider phenotype. Covers the sprinter, all-rounder, time-triallist and climber signatures, the sprint-versus-endurance trade-off, durability as a fourth dimension, and how the profile is measured.