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Running Dynamics. GCT, Vertical Oscillation, Stride
Mathematical and biomechanical reference for the running-dynamics metric family. Ground Contact Time (GCT), Vertical Oscillation (VO), Vertical Ratio (VR), Stride Length, and Cadence, captured by Garmin-compatible watches and dedicated foot-pod sensors. Documents the standard measurement methods (accelerometer-derived from chest/torso or foot pod), the empirical norm distributions across recreational-to-elite populations, the associations with running economy and injury risk, the interventions that move each metric, and the boundary conditions where chasing dynamics targets becomes counter-productive.
Mathematical and biomechanical reference for the running-dynamics metric family. Ground Contact Time (GCT), Vertical Oscillation (VO), Vertical Ratio (VR), Stride Length, and Cadence, captured by Garmin-compatible watches and dedicated foot-pod sensors. Documents the standard measurement methods (accelerometer-derived from chest/torso or foot pod), the empirical norm distributions across recreational-to-elite populations, the associations with running economy and injury risk, the interventions that move each metric, and the boundary conditions where chasing dynamics targets becomes counter-productive.
References
- Moore IS (2016). Is there an economical running technique? A review of modifiable biomechanical factors affecting running economy. Sports Med 46:793-807. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0474-4 · PMID 26816209
- Folland JP, Allen SJ, Black MI, Handsaker JC, Forrester SE (2017). Running technique is an important component of running economy and performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 49:1412-1423. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001245 · PMID 28263283
- Saunders PU, Pyne DB, Telford RD, Hawley JA (2004). Factors affecting running economy in trained distance runners. Sports Med 34:465-485. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200434070-00005 · PMID 15233599
- Barnes KR, Kilding AE (2015). Running economy: measurement, norms, and determining factors. Sports Med Open 1:8. doi: 10.1186/s40798-015-0007-y · PMID 27512611
- Vernillo G, Giandolini M, Edwards WB, Morin JB, Samozino P, Horvais N, Millet GY (2017). Biomechanics and physiology of uphill and downhill running. Sports Med 47:615-629. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0605-y · PMID 27501719